Where is torso located

Regional directional terms include anterior and posterior, dorsal and ventral, and lateral and medial. Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the parts of the body into different regions that contain structures that are involved in similar functions.

Two primary terms are used to describe the main regions of the body:. These are the two basic categories of regional terms; however, many other terms are used to describe smaller regions within the axial and appendicular regions. For example, the brachial region consists of the arm as a part of the appendicular region, while the abdominal region consists of the abdomen as a smaller part of the axial region.

The abdominal region is subdivided into even smaller regions based on different functions of groups of organs and tissues in that region. If a person is experiencing pain in one part of the abdominal region, then the smaller regional divisions can help determine the organs involved in the problem to better treat symptoms.

Another method for describing region An axis uses a straight line between two parts of the body to describe a region of the body with linear direction. For example, blood can be said to flow in a proximal or distal direction through a region marked by that axis. The X, Y, and Z axes of the Cartesian coordinate system are used describe the specific location of an axis in standard anatomical position. Many types of axes can give regional direction. Any pair of corresponding directional terms can be combined to form an axis such as proximal-distal for an appendage.

Axes give more clarity and detail for describing the location of an anatomical region. They are commonly used in both zoology and human anatomy, and can be paired with body planes to give even more detail to anatomical direction, region, and location. There are three basic reference planes used in anatomy: the sagittal plane, the coronal plane, and the transverse plane. Body planes are hypothetical geometric planes used to divide the body into sections.

They are commonly used in both human and zoological anatomy to describe the location or direction of bodily structures. Reference planes are the standard planes used in anatomical terminology and include:. While these are the major reference planes of the body, other planes are commonly used in relation to these three.

A longitudinal plane is any plane perpendicular to the transverse plane, while parasaggital planes are parallel to the saggital plane. The coronal plane, the sagittal plane, and the parasaggital planes are examples of longitudinal planes. Anatomical Planes in a Human : There are three basic planes in zoological anatomy: sagittal, coronal, and transverse. A human in the anatomical position, can be described using a coordinate system with the Z-axis going from front to back, the X-axis going from left to right, and the Y-axis going from up to down.

By imaging a patient in standard anatomical position, a radiologist can build an X-Y-Z axis around the patient to apply body planes to the images. Individual organs can also be divided by planes to help identify smaller structures within that organ. Body planes are used to describe anatomical motion in the X-Y-Z coordinate system that the body moves through.

Anatomical change during embryological development is also described and measured with body planes. For example, during human embryonic development the coronal plane is horizontal, but becomes vertical as the embryo develops into a fetus. In comparative embryology, body planes provide a basis for comparing the ways in which different types of organisms develop anatomically within the womb.

By the broadest definition, a body cavity is any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism. However, the term usually refers to the space where internal organs develop, located between the skin and the outer lining of the gut cavity. Blood vessels are not considered cavities but may be held within cavities. They usually contains protective membranes and sometimes bones that protect the organs. Anatomical terminology for body cavities : Humans have multiple body cavities, including the cranial cavity, the vertebral cavity, the thoracic cavity containing the pericardial cavity and the pleural cavity , the abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity.

In mammals, the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. The dorsal cavity is a continuous cavity located on the dorsal side of the body. It houses the organs of the upper central nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord. The meninges is a multi-layered membrane within the dorsal cavity that envelops and protects the brain and spinal cord.

The cranial cavity is the anterior portion of the dorsal cavity consisting of the space inside the skull. This cavity contains the brain, the meninges of the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid. The organs in the torso make up key components of major organ systems. For example, the digestive system consists of the gallbladder, stomach, jejunum, ileum, duodenum, colon, and liver.

The spleen is part of the lymphatic system, and the pancreas belongs to both the endocrine and digestive systems. The kidneys, ureters, and bladder make up the urinary system. Moreover, reproductive organs are also found in the torso. Synonyms for Torso There are many synonyms, both scientific and laymen, for the torso.

The torso is commonly called the trunk. Due to its housing many of the major muscles, some refer to the torso as a person's figure, physique, or build. In everyday language, people tend to call the torso the chest, abdomen, or stomach. In anatomical terms, the torso can also be called the thorax or thoracic cavity. Other Anatomical Regions of the Body The anatomical regions are cervical, thorax, abdominal, upper extremities, and lower extremities.

The cervical, also known as the cephalic region, encompasses the head and neck. The thorax is the upper chest, and the abdominal region includes the stomach.

Arms are upper extremities, and legs are lower extremities. The torso includes parts of the thoracic and abdominal regions. World View. Where Is the Torso Located on the Body? All other internal organs are important but the human body can still survive without them. Word games. Where is your torso located at on your body? Which is a part of the human body? Which is the trunk of the human body? Where is the thorax located on the body? One way is to group them by their location on the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions of the body, but they can also be classified by anatomical regions abdominal region, scapular region, pectoral region or by their placement in relation to the surface superficial layer, intermediate layer, deep layer.

For learning purposes, a combination of systems is used in this chapter. The names of torso muscles provide clues to their location, shape, size, or the direction of their muscle fibers. We already began doing so in the previous chapter, where I covered the suprahyoid muscles this page and the platysma this page , which play roles in moving the jaw and in facial expressions.

The major muscle of the back of the neck, the trapezius, is involved in movements of the scapula and is dealt with in the next section, on the muscles of the thorax. The sternocleidomastoid pron. This muscle begins at two different locations, one on the sternum sternal portion and the other on the clavicle clavicular portion. The muscle fibers eventually merge into one shape, which inserts into the mastoid process a small protrusion of bone on the skull behind the ear and along a small ridge called the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle helps bend and twist the head and neck in different directions, including flexion bending the head forward , lateral flexion bending the head sideways , and rotation twisting the head left or right.

The anterior triangle of the neck region is located between the inside borders of the sternocleidomastoid muscles, the top portion of the sternum manubrium , the hyoid bone, and the lower border of the digastric muscle posterior belly. It contains several important structures, including the larynx voice box , trachea windpipe , and thyroid cartilage and gland. It is also the location of four straplike muscles collectively referred to as the infrahyoid muscles, which means the muscles below the hyoid bone.

The four muscles are the superior belly of the omohyoid, the sternohyoid, the thyrohyoid, and the sternothyroid. The infrahyoid muscles within the anterior triangle of the neck are rather hard to see on the surface form, but on some occasions, depending on the position of the neck, one or two muscles might be detected, as when the head bends back and the sternohyoid muscles create subtle vertical ridgelike forms on either side of the thyroid cartilage.

The following drawing on this page shows the muscles of the neck and shoulder region. For discussion of the muscles of the suprahyoid group—digastric, mylohyoid, and stylohyoid—see this page. The thoracic muscles attach on the anterior and lateral regions of the thorax, or rib cage. They are the pectoralis major, the pectoralis minor, and the serratus anterior. The pectoralis major muscle helps move the humerus, and the pectoralis minor and the serratus anterior muscles help move the scapula bone.

The torso is divided in half to show the two layers of muscles in this region. The muscles on the left side are the superficial muscles close to the surface , and the muscles on the right are positioned beneath the superficial muscles.

The pectoralis major pron. This muscle has three portions: clavicular, sternal, and abdominal. The pectoralis major forms the anterior wall of the axillary region, or the armpit see this page , which becomes apparent when the upper arm is positioned away from the torso. The breast form, a combination of glandular and fatty tissue forms, is attached to the fascia a sheathing layer that is situated over the pectoralis major muscle.

The clavicular portion begins on the clavicle; the sternal portion begins along the outer side of the sternum; and the abdominal portion begins on a small section of the abdominal sheath. The muscle fibers pull across the rib cage and converge to attach on the humerus upper arm bone.

When the upper arm is lifted away from the torso, the insertion of this muscle is seen more clearly. The pectoralis major, shown in the next drawing in both anterior and lateral views, moves the humerus in various ways depending on which portion is contracting and which other muscles are assisting.

The main actions are moving the humerus in a forward direction flexion , moving the humerus from an overhead position and returning it to the side of the torso adduction , and rotating the humerus in an inward direction medial rotation. The following life study, Male Figure Holding a Staff, focuses on the pectoral area. With the arms positioned away from the torso, it is easy to see how the pectoralis major inserts into the humerus of the upper arm.

The thick outer edge is the anterior wall of the axillary armpit region. The accompanying diagram reveals the actions of the muscles in this pose. The next life study Seated Female Figure, shows the upper part of the pectoralis major positioned flat against the rib cage, with very little thickness. The soft-tissue forms of the breasts, consisting of glandular tissue mammary glands and fatty tissue, are anchored on the fascia sheathing that covers the pectoralis muscle.

As the skin pulls over these forms muscle and soft tissue it creates a soft transition on the surface from the relative flatness of the upper rib cage to the rich spherical shapes of the breasts.

The pectoralis minor pron. It is usually not detectible on the surface form. Each muscle strip of the pectoralis minor begins on a different rib ribs 3 through 5.

The muscle then inserts into the coracoid process a small, beaklike bony protrusion of the scapula. The pectoralis minor helps lower the shoulder blade in the action of depression of the scapula and moves the scapula in a forward direction in the protraction of the scapula.

The serratus anterior pron. Each of these elongated muscle strips attaches on a separate rib, beginning with the first rib, and wraps around the side of the rib cage to insert into the medial inner border of the scapula. The serratus anterior is mostly hidden by the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi muscles, but the lower three or four digitations can be visible on the surface, appearing as small, riblike forms between the outer edge of the pectoralis major and the outer edge of the latissimus dorsi.

The main actions of the serratus anterior are the protraction and upward rotation of the scapula.